Introduction to Nondestructive Testing by Paul E. Mix

Introduction to Nondestructive Testing (2nd Edition) is authored by Paul E. Mix. The book is a training guide to provide the basic background information for nondestructive testing (NDT) personnel and the students. It is helpful for students who qualify for Levels I, II, and III certifications in the NDT methods of their choice. The handbook is a general outline of the recommended standard practices. Take a look at the complete topics of the handbook.

Introduction to Nondestructive Testing by Paul E. Mix

Table of Contents:

1. Introduction

Digital Technology
Smaller Is Better
Medical Marvels
Improving Shuttle Safety
Airport Security
Process Control
Instrument Synchronization with PXI
PCI vs. PXI
60,000-Mile-High Elevator
Proliferation of Information

2. Acoustic Emissions

Principles and Theory
Signal Propagation
Physical Considerations
The AE Process Chain
Time Considerations
AE Parameters
The AE Measurement Chain
Vallen AMSY-5 High-Speed AE System
Location Calculation and Clustering
Advantages and Limitations of AE Testing
AMSY-5 Main Features
AE Transducers
Kistler Piezotron® Acoustic Emission Sensors and Couplers
AE Sensor Construction
Summary of AE Sensor Features
Technical Specifications-8152B2 Sensor
AE Coupler Features
Technical Specifications-5125B Coupler
Acoustic Emission Technology
AE Applications
AE Theory
Applications
Advanced Equipment
Codes, Standards, Practices, Guidelines, and Societies
Application and Product-Specific Procedures
Impact-Echo Method
Technical Specifications
Applications

3. Electromagnetic Testing Method

Eddy Current Theory
Magnetic Flux Leakage Theory
Eddy Current Sensing Probes
Flux Leakage Sensing Probes
Factors Affecting Flux Leakage
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Test Frequency
Magnetization for Flux Leakage Testing
Coupling
Eddy Current Techniques
Instrument Design Considerations
UniWest US-454 EddyViewTM
Institut Dr. Foerster
Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing
Applications
Use of Computers
Barkhausen Noise/Micromagnetic Testing
Early Applications
Principles of Measurement
Equipment
Technical Specifications
Calibration and Testing
Current Applications
General Applications
Electromechanical Acoustic Transducers (EMATs)
Basic Theory of Operation
Recent Applications and Developments
Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) Method
ACFM Principles of Operation
Probe Design
Applications

4. Laser Testing Methods

Introduction
Disadvantages
Main Advantages
Laser Theory
Laser Safety
Laser Classification
Training
Profilometry Methods
Basic TV Holography/ESPI Interferometry
Nanometric Profiling Measurements
Conoscopic Holography
Confocal Measurement,
NanoSurf Confocal Microscopy
3D Confocal Microscopy
Nanometric Profiling Applications
Scanning Laser Profilometry
Laser-Scanned Penetrant Inspection (LSPITM-Patent Pending),
Advanced Techniques
Natural and External Excitation
Strain/Stress Measurement
Longer Range 3D Speckle Interferometry System
Nondestructive Testing (NDT)
Shearography
Portable Shearography System
Feltmetal Inspection System
Optional Applications
Optical Inspection Systems
ARGUS
TRITOP
System Advantages
Portable Measuring System Technique
Dynamic TRITOP
Other Laser Methods

5. Leak Testing Methods

Introduction
Fundamentals
Ultrasonic Leak Testing
Bubble Leak Testing
Dye Penetrant Leak Testing
Pressure Change Leak Testing
Helium Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing
Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector
MSLD Subsystems
Vacuum System Configurations
Electronics
Methods of Leak Detection
Vacuum Testing Method (Outside-In)
Pressure Test Method (Inside-Out)
Accumulation Testing Method
Vacuum Systems
Pressurized Systems
MSLD Configurations
Calibration
Radioisotope Tracer Leak Testing
Bubble Leak Testing
Pressure Change Leak Testing
Pressure Change Measurement Testing
Leakage Rate and Flow Measurement Testing
Nuclear Reactor Systems
Halogen Diode Leak Testing
“Sniffer” Techniques
VIC MSLD Leak Detectors
MSLD Subsystems
Operating Sequence (MS-40 and MS-40 Dry)
Calibration Sequence (MS-40 and MS-40 Dry)

6. Liquid Penetrant Tests

Introduction
Processing
Test Methods
Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Methods
Test Equipment
Penetrant Materials
System Comparisons
Applications
Measurement of UV and Visible Light
Automatic and Semiautomatic Penetrant Testing Methods

7. Magnetic Particle Testing

Magnetic Principles
Magnets and Magnetic Fields
Discontinuities and Defects
Induced Magnetic Fields
Circular and Longitudinal Fields
Selection of Magnetizing Method
Commercial Equipment
Wet and Dry Particle Inspection
MT Improvements
Applications
Residual Fields and Demagnetization
Magnetic Flux Strips
Hall Effect Gaussmeter
The Hysteresis Curve
Selection of Equipment
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Method
Magnetic Rubber Inspection
Underwater MRI
Magnetic Penetrameters
Automatic and Semiautomatic Inspection
Magwerks Integrated System Tracking Technology
Discontinuities and Their Appearances
Nonrelevant Indications

8. Neutron Radiographic Testing

Introduction
Physical Principles
Neutron Radiation Sources
Neutron Activation Analysis
Ward Center TRIGA Reactor
Radiation Hazards and Personal Protection
Radiation Detection Imaging
Electronic Imaging
Nonimaging Detectors
Neutron Radiographic Process
Interpretation of Results
Other Neutron Source Applications
Neutron Level Gauges
Californium-252 Sources
Neutron Radioscopic Systems

9. Radiographic Testing Method

Industrial Radiography
Work Practices
Time-Distance-Shielding-Containment
Regulatory Requirements
Exposure Devices
State and Federal Regulations
Basic Radiographic Physics
Fundamental Properties of Matter
Radioactive Materials
Types of Radiation
Interaction of Radiation with Matter
Biological Effects
Radiation Detection
Radiation Sources
Portable Linear Accelerators
Special Radiographic Techniques
Standard Radiographic Techniques
The Radiograph
Fluoroscopy Techniques
Flat Panel Digital Imaging Systems
Flat Panel Systems vs. Fuji Dynamix CR Imaging System
Industrial Computed Tomography
Automatic Defect Recognition
The Digitome® Process
Manufacturing Processes and Discontinuities
Other Isotope Applications

10. Thermal/Infrared Testing Method

Basic Modes of Heat Transfer
The Nature of Heat Flow
Temperature Measurement
Common Temperature Measurements
Color Change Thermometry
Temperature Sensors with External Readouts
Infrared Imaging Energy
Heat and Light Concepts
Pyrometers
Infrared Imaging Systems
Spacial Resolution Concepts
Infrared Testing Method
High-Performance Thermal Imager for Predictive Maintenance
High-Performance Radiometric IR System
Mikron Instrument Company, Inc.
Mikron 7200V Thermal Imager and Visible Light Camera
High-Speed IR Line Cameras
Other Thermal Testing Methods

11. Ultrasonic Testing

Introduction
Definition of Acoustic Parameters of a Transducer
Noncontacting Ultrasonic Testing
Ultrasonic Pulsers/Receivers
Multilayer Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge
Conventional Ultrasound
Ultrasonic Testing Equipment
Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

12. Vibration Analysis Method

Introduction
Principles/Theory
Sources of Vibration
Noise Analysis
Stress Analysis
Modal Analysis
Vibration Analysis/Troubleshooting
Transfer Functions
Predictive Maintenance
Failure Analysis
Impact Testing and Frequency Response
Pass and Fail Testing
Correction Methods
Machine Diagnosis
Sensors
Rolling Element Bearing Failures
Bearing Vibration/Noise
Blowers and Fans
Vibrotest 60 Version 4
Signal Conditioning
Equipment Response to Environmental Factors
Data Presentation
Online Monitoring
Portable Noise and Vibration Analysis System
Laser Methods
TEC’s Aviation Products

13. Visual and Optical Testing

Fundamentals
Principles and Theory of Visual Testing
Selection of Correct Visual Technique
Equipment
Fiberscopes and Videoscopes
SnakeEyeTM Diagnostic Tool
Industrial Videoscopes
Projection Microscopes
The Long-Distance Microscope
InfiniMaxTM Long-Distance Microscope
Remote Visual Inspection
Robotic Crawler Units
Pipe and Vessel Inspections/Metal Joining Processes
Ocean Optics Photometers

14. Overview of Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, 2001 Edition

Purpose
NDT Levels of Qualification
Recommended NDT Level III Education, Training, and Experience
Written Practice
Charts
Recommended Training Courses

Thus, Introduction to Nondestructive Testing is a training guide to regarding basic background information for students and nondestructive testing (NDT) personnel.